I've only tested this on Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty, but I have no reason to believe that it shouldn't work on more recent releases.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yubico/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libauth-yubikey-webclient-perl yubikey-personalization yubikey-personalization-gui
sudo curl -o /etc/udev/rules.d/70-u2f.rules https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Yubico/libu2f-host/master/70-u2f.rules
sudo reboot

Install the Google Chrome FIDO U2F (Universal 2nd Factor) extension for integration with Google, Dropbox and PayPal etc.

Also see: * https://www.yubico.com/faq/enable-u2f-linux/ * https://launchpad.net/~yubico/+archive/ubuntu/stable/+index